Court seems inclined to keep restricting Trump's trial speech. But gag order could be narrowed
ERIC TUCKER, ALANNA DURKIN RICHER and LINDSAY WHITEHURSTNov. 20, 2023
A federal appeals court appeared inclined Monday to reimpose at least some restrictions on Donald Trumps speech in his landmark election subversion case. But the judges wrestled with how to craft a gag order that doesnt infringe on the former presidents free speech rights or prevent him from defending himself on the campaign trail.
The three judges on the panel asked skeptical and at times aggressive questions of attorneys on both sides while weighing whether to put back in place an order from a trial judge that barred Trump from inflammatory comments against prosecutors, potential witnesses and court staff.
The judges raised a litany of hypothetical scenarios that could arise in the months ahead as they considered how to fashion a balance between an order that protects Trump’s
First 1st
Amendment rights and the need to protect the criminal trial process and its integrity and its truth finding function.
Theres a balance that has to be undertaken here, and its a very difficult balance in this context,” Judge Patricia Millett told Cecil VanDevender, a lawyer with special counsel Jack Smith’s office. But we have to use a careful scalpel here and not step into really sort of skewing the political arena, dont we?
VanDevender replied that he agreed but said he believed that the gag order imposed last month does strike the appropriate balance.
The court did not immediately rule but its questions left open the possibility that it might narrow the gag order, setting parameters on what Trump, as both a criminal defendant and the leading candidate for the 2024 Republican presidential nomination, can and cannot say as the trial date nears. Trumps team has signaled that it will fight any restrictions to the Supreme Court.
No matter the outcome, the stakes are high given the volume and intensity of Trump’s public comments about the case, the massive public platform he holds on social media and the campaign trail, and the limited legal precedent for restricting speech of political candidates let alone for the White House who are criminal defendants.
In a sign of the argument’s import, special counsel Smith himself attended, sitting in the front row of the courtroom in a building just blocks from the U.S. Capitol, which was stormed on Jan. 6, 2021, by rioters motivated by Trump’s false claims about the election he lost to Democrat Joe Biden.
Monday’s arguments spanned nearly two-and-a-half hours, with Trump lawyer D. John Sauer fielding the majority of questions as he pressed his case that the gag order was overly vague and an unconstitutional muzzling.
“The order is unprecedented, and it sets a terrible precedent for future restrictions on core political speech, Sauer said. He described it as a hecklers veto, unfairly relying on the theory that Trumps speech might someday inspire other people to harass or intimidate his targets.
They cant draw a causal line from any social media post to threat or harassment when we have wall to wall media coverage of this case, Sauer told the court.
But those points were greeted coolly by the court.
Judge Brad Garcia pressed Sauer to explain why the court shouldn’t take preventive steps before violence materializes against potential witnesses or others. Another judge noted that a Texas woman who has since been arrested was accused of making a death threat against the judge in the Trump case, Tanya Chutkan, just one day after Trump posted on social: If you go after me, I’m coming after you!
This is predictably going to intensify as well as the threats, so why isnt the district court justified in taking a more proactive measure and not waiting for more and more threats to occur and stepping in to protect the integrity of the trial? Garcia said.
Another judge in the case, Cornelia Pillard, sharply questioned Sauer over whether he believed any restrictions on Trumps speech were allowed, telling him: I dont hear you giving any weight at all to the interest in a fair trial.”
Judge
Millett recoiled at Sauer’s argument that Trump was merely engaged in core political speech.
Labeling it core political speech begs the question if its political speech or speech aimed at derailing the criminal process,” she said.
But the judges also repeatedly wondered where to strike a balance, raising the prospect that the order could be narrow. Millett at one point expressed incredulity at the idea that Trump would not be able to respond to criticism by rival candidates in a debate.
He has to speak Miss Manners while everyone else is throwing targets at him?
The order has had a whirlwind trajectory through the courts since Chutkan imposed it in response to a request from prosecutors, who cited among other comments Trumps repeated disparagement of Smith as deranged.
The judge lifted it days after entering it, giving Trumps lawyers time to prove why his words should not be restricted. But after Trump took advantage of that pause with comments that prosecutors said were meant to sway his former chief of staff against giving unfavorable testimony, Chutkan put it back in place.
The appeals court later lifted it as it considered Trumps appeal.
Pillard and Millett are appointees of former President
Barack
Obama. Garcia joined the bench earlier this year after being nominated by President
Joe
Biden. Obama and Biden are Democrats.
The four-count indictment against Trump in Washington is one of four criminal cases he faces as he seeks to reclaim the White House in 2024. The case is set for trial next March 4.
He’s been charged in Florida, also by Smith’s team, with illegally hoarding classified documents at his Mar-a-Lago estate in Palm Beach, Fl
orid
a. He’s also been charged in state court in New York in connection with hush money payments to porn actor Stormy Daniels, who alleged an extramarital affair with him, and in Georgia with working to subvert the 2020 presidential election in that state.
He has denied any wrongdoing.
